The most common myths about snow and avalanches

Number 5: "It held on the first pass; we can go.”
Published on 05/17/2023
Ernesto Bassetti
Snow Avalanche

To understand how wrong this concept is, we need to briefly touch on the concept of snowpack stability.

 

In brief, the snowpack is stable when the resisting forces (those that keep the snowpack on the slope) inside it are greater than the driving forces (those that pull the snowpack downhill).

 

To analyze this false belief, we will focus only on the driving forces.

Driving forces can increase and therefore "overpower" resisting forces in several ways: a new snowfall, wind action, rain, cornice fall, the passage of animals, or... people.

 

Here, this is an important detail. 

If the first person has passed alone and perhaps with some caution to "probe" the snow, they have certainly caused an increase in driving forces at that point, but not enough to overcome the resisting forces; therefore, no detachment.

 

But if this single, consequence-free passage then results in a "free-for-all" approach for the group, according to which there is no danger and everyone believes they can do what they want, driving forces can increase considerably for the greater number of people who more or less simultaneously tackle the slope, uphill and downhill.

 

Additional loads, progressively uphill or simultaneously downhill, can affect the snowpack, and in this case, the consequences could be very different!

However, it is not just a matter of how much weight is put on the snowpack to trigger a detachment; we must also consider the aspect of the weak points of a possible slab.

 

In uphill skiing, everyone normally follows the track, but in downhill skiing, especially with beautiful snow and inviting slopes, skiers are inclined to seek their own patch of snow to make their descent first (Importance of the Human Factor!).

 

This increases the chances that someone will touch one of the weak points from which the fracture of the snowpack can propagate.

On the other hand, it is reasonable to believe that a heavily tracked slope has been stressed and tested in multiple points, and therefore any weak points should have already been touched by those who came before us.

In conclusion, the fact that the snowpack held up on the first person's passage is not a guarantee that it will continue to do so. It is said that "pulling the rope eventually breaks it."

Again, using more brain power than legs and lungs can make the difference!

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Ernesto Bassetti

Ernesto is one of the leading snow and avalanche experts in Italy and beyond.
By passion and by profession, he has been involved in mountain safety for over 40 years, with particular attention to the avalanche issue.
He is co-founder, and until 2020 Vice President, of MND Group; important international player in the field of mountain infrastructure and world leader in controlled avalanche release systems.
He is a ski instructor, National Ski Mountaineering Instructor, former director of the Mario Righini Ski Mountaineering School.
He was promoter, co-founder and soul of the "Servizio Valanghe Italiano" (Italian Avalanche Service), of which he held the Presidency for 18 years.

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